Detection of Clicks Based on Group Delay
نویسندگان
چکیده
In this paper we present a novel approach for the automatic detection of clicks from recordings of beaked whales, based on the phase characteristics of minimum phase signals and especially using the group delay function. Group delay is estimated through the direct and first derivative of the Fourier Transform of a signal. A major advantage of the proposed approach is its robustness against additive noise while it doesn’t require the definition of adhoc or adaptive thresholds for the detection of clicks. It works on raw recordings which are usually quite noisy as well as on click enhanced recordings (after band-pass filtering or using operators like the Teager-Kaiser energy operator). Moreover, a click is just detected by searching the positive zero crossings over time of the slope of the phase spectrum. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in detecting clicks, one minute of recordings have been manually marked providing a test set of about 320 clicks. Results show that the proposed approach was able to detect 71.37% of the hand labeled clicks within an accuracy of 3ms. Dans cet article, nous présentons une nouvelle approche pour la détection automatique de clicks sur des enregistrements de baleines à bec exploitant les caractéristiques de signaux à phase minimale notamment via l’utilisation de la fonction de retard de groupe. Le retard de groupe est estimé à partir de la transformée de Fourier d’un signal et de la dérivé de celle-ci. L’approche proposée est robuste vis-à-vis du bruit additif et ne requiert pas la définition ad-hoc ou adaptative de seuils pour la détection de clicks. Elle permet de traiter aussi bien des enregistrements bruts fortement bruite’s que des enregistrements rehausse’s (après filtrage passebande ou à l’aide d’opérateurs tels que l’opérateur d’énergy de Teagzer-Kaiser). De plus, un click est simplement détecté en recherchant un passage par zéro sur la partie croissante de la pente du spectre de phase. Pour évaluer l’efficacité de l’approche proposée à détecter des clicks, une minute d’enregistrements a été annotée manuellement, fournissant ainsi un ensemble de test d’environ 320 clicks. Les résultats montrent que l’approche proposée parvient à détecter 71.37% des clicks marqués manuellement avec une précision d’3 ms.
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